Cappello
Portrait of Cappello as a military commander, by TitianBorn1469VeniceDied19 August 1541
VeniceBuriedSanta Maria FormosaAllegiance
Republic of Venice (1512–1538)Service/branchVenetian navyRankProvveditore all'ArmataBattles/warsWar of the League of Cambrai, Hvar rebellion, Third Ottoman–Venetian War: Battle of Preveza
Vincenzo Cappello (Venice, 1469 – 19 August 1541) was a Venetian nobleman and statesman, best known as the admiral of the Venetian navy in the Battle of Preveza.
Biography
Vincenzo Cappello was born in Venice in 1469, to Nicolò Cappello.[1] He is first noticed at Milan in October 1499, when he unsuccessfully tried to sell a "necklace of the King of the Romans ("collar fo dil re di romani") to King Louis XII of France.[1] On 30 August 1502, and again on 28 March 1504, he was appointed to the post of state treasurer (camerlengo de Comùn).[1]
Captain of the Flanders convoy
In June 1504, he was given charge of the great trade galley convoy (muda) to Flanders and London, one of the most lucrative commercial routes of the time.[1]
After months of preparations, the convoy sailed in February 1505. The journey proved successful, so that by July 1506, the Venetian ships were so laden with merchandise for the return journey that 300 balls of wool had to be left behind.[1]
On 27 July 1506 Cappello was received by King Henry VII of England, who awarded him trading privileges, knighted him, and gave him the right to include the Tudor rose in his own arms. As representative of the Republic of Venice, Cappello also received the King's messages of goodwill and alliance to the Republic.[1] On the return journey, Cappello's good fortune was again apparent: attacked by Genoese warship that thought he was a pirate, and brought to Cagliari, he not only managed to have his identity confirmed there, but also gathered new merchandise to the value of 6,000 ducats.[1]
On his return to Venice on 28 November 1506, his ships, laden with goods, made a great impression and secured him considerable wealth, which Cappello employed in pursuing a political career.[1]
Political and military career
In April 1509, Cappello disclosed that he had loaned 10,000 ducats to the Republic. Although this was denied, it helped his popularity, and his election to the Venetian Senate was quick. While enjoying considerable popularity, he nevertheless also had detractors who accused him of intending to dominate the state.[1]
First fleet commands
Boosted by his popularity, he was elected to the senior office of superintendent of the Venetian navy (Provveditore all'Armata) on 14 January 1512. In this position, he displayed great skills and knowledge of naval matters, as well as political maturity. The navy was in poor shape at the time, lacking organization, men, and even hardtack for the ships.[1] Although he tried to remedy the situation, this shortage led to some bitter experiences: in July 1514, at Corfu, lack of hardtack forced him to cease pursuit of a fleet of twenty Ottoman fustas, while in December 1515 he was forced to disband his fleet at Istria, as the officers and crews demanded their delayed pay. As a result, in his customary report (relazione) to the Venetian government, he severely criticized the navy's organization.[1] In the meantime, he briefly participated in the defence of Padua in February 1514 (during the War of the League of Cambrai), before going to suppress, with considerable harshness, the Hvar rebellion.[1]
Governor of Famagusta
Gate of the medieval "Othello Castle" of Famagusta
In December 1515 he was appointed as fortress commander (capitano) at Famagusta on Cyprus, after a gift of 2,000 ducats to the Republic. Cappello found the fortifications of Famagusta utterly insufficient to face an Ottoman attack, and denounced the behaviour of the Venetian officials on the island as "scandalous". Being firmly convinced of the "bad faith" of the Ottomans, he devoted himself to strengthening the defences of the city, which he achieved with only a modest additional monthly spending of 400 ducats. His successor, Bartolomeo Contarini, who replaced him in March 1519, expressly praised his work.[1]
Rise to high political offices
Leaving Famagusta on 10 March 1519, on 29 July he was back in Venice, resuming his career in the Republic's government. He refused a nomination as superintendent of fleet provisions and equipment (Provveditore all'Armar) on 16 August, but instead became a member of the Council of Ten on 16 October.[1] On 19 June 1520, he became ducal councillor (consigliere ducale) for the sestiere of Santa Croce, and lieutenant-governor (luogotenente) of Friuli on 9 September 1520. From this position he carefully observed Ottoman military moves in Dalmatia.[1] He returned to Venice on 7 June 1522. He was elected as an orator to the new Pope, Adrian VI, in August, he did not go to Rome because of the outbreak of the plague there, and himself contracted an illness that forced him to stay at Ferrara.[1] He became consigliere of the sestiere of Cannaregio on 26 May 1523, and refused an appointment as Duke of Candia on 27 September. In October, he participated in an inquest into the activities of the Ten and "against the sects and the suborners of the public offices". Again elected orator to the newly elected Pope Clement VII on 26 November, he declined due to renewed poor health.[1]
On 3 May 1524 he was member of the board of the Savi a Tansar, followed by election as superintendent on sales (Provveditore sopra le Vendite) on 9 December. On 1 February 1525, he was elected one of the three consiglieri da basso who represented the Doge at the criminal appeals court, the Council of Forty (Quarantia Criminale), and on 30 September 1526 one of the forty elected to the zonta.[1] On 1 September 1527 he again became a member of the Ten, and on 3 October 1527 one of the reviewers of the accounts of the Ten (revedadori di le Casse).[1]
Renewed fleet commands, Preveza, and death
On 5 March 1529, he was appointed one of the seven Savi di Terraferma, on 1 August, as consigliere "beyond the Canal", and finally, on 12 September, again as Provveditore all'Armata.[1] Conscious of the fleet's problems, Cappello made specific demands to accept the position, requiring the government to furnish sufficient men, hardtack, and funds. His quarrels with the Senate delayed his departure and left a legacy of tense relations, which survived despite his re-appointment to the post on 11 June 1532.[1]
Monument to Vincenzo Cappello at his burial church of Santa Maria Formosa
Tasked with "restoring order to the fleet", but without provoking either the Turks or the Holy Roman Emperor, Cappello found his assignment fraught with worries. Reappointed to his post in 1534, in his reports to the Senate, he elaborated on the lack of hardtack, the desertion of his men to the Emperor's better-paying forces, the inadequacy of the fortifications in the Republic's overseas possessions (especially Zara, Sebenico, and Corfu), and the inefficiency of the naval construction system.[1] As the historian Achille Olivieri points out, however, Cappello was no reformer: his outlook remained grounded in practical, everyday reality eschewing great risks and ideals in favour of a Venetian state secure in its strength, immobile, and almost "removed from the disruptive dialectic of the historical process".[1]
In 1535, he was elected ducal councillor for the sestiere of Castello.[1] Following the outbreak of the Third Ottoman–Venetian Wari in 1537, he was elected as Provveditore all'Armata. The fleet of Venice and its allies (chief among them Habsburg Spain) captured the fortress of Castelnuovo, leaving behind a Spanish garrison, but was defeated by the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Preveza in September 1538.[1] Blamed by the Spanish for the defeat and taken ill, he returned to Venice, where he became a member of the Savi Grandi.[1] In January 1539 he participated in the election of Pietro Lando as Doge, and was elected as Procurator of St. Mark de supra.[1]
He died on 19 August 1541, and was buried at the church of Santa Maria Formosa, whose façade is decorated with his statue.[1]
References
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- .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotesmw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Olivieri, Achille (1975). "CAPPELLO, Vincenzo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 18: Canella–Cappello (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vincenzo_Cappellooldid=1055030550"
cappello
cappello — /ka p:ɛl:o/ s.m. [lat. cappellus, der. di cappa ]. 1. (abbigl.) [indumento utilizzato per proteggere il capo, di vario materiale e varia foggia: c. da donna ; c. da prete ] ▶◀ copricapo. ⇓ basco, berretto, bombetta, borsalino, cilindro, coppola,… … Enciclopedia Italiana
Cappello — ist der Name folgender Personen: Bianca Cappello (1548–1587), italienische Mätresse und Großherzogin von Toskana Carmelo Cappello (1912–1996), italienischer Bildhauer Timmy Cappello, US amerikanischer Musiker Siehe auch: Capello … Deutsch Wikipedia
Cappello — Cappello, s. Capello … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Cappello — (Capello), Bianca, Venezianerin, geb. 1548, floh 1563 mit ihrem Geliebten, dem Florentiner Pietro Bonaventuri, nach Florenz. Bonaventuri begab sich hier in den Schutz des Erbprinzen Francesco von Medici und legte dessen heftiger Liebe zu Bianca,… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Cappello — Cappello, Cappelli Surnom italien donné à un marchand ou à un fabricant de chapeaux. Variantes : Capello, Capelli … Noms de famille
cappello — cap·pèl·lo s.m. 1a. FO copricapo con tesa più o meno ampia: cappello di paglia, di feltro, cappello da uomo, da donna; stare col cappello in mano, in segno di rispetto 1b. RE merid., signore, borghese, in opposizione ai popolani, che portano la… … Dizionario italiano
cappello — s. m. 1. copricapo □ berretto 2. (est., di chiodo e sim.) testa, capocchia 3. (est., di comignolo) copertura 4. (fig., di scritto, di discorso) introduzione, preambolo, premessa … Sinonimi e Contrari. Terza edizione
cappello — {{hw}}{{cappello}}{{/hw}}s. m. 1 Copricapo maschile o femminile di materia varia e foggia diversa secondo la moda: cappello di paglia; cappello a cilindro | Tenere il cappello sulle ventitré, inclinato su un lato | Far di –c, salutare togliendosi … Enciclopedia di italiano
Cappello — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Pour l’article homophone, voir Capello. Patronymie Bianca Cappello (1542 1587), dame vénitienne, fille d un patricien de Venise. Carmelo Cappello… … Wikipédia en Français
Cappello romano — A cappello romano (literally Roman hat ) or saturno (because it is reminiscent of the ringed planet Saturn) is a hat with a wide, circular brim and a rounded rim worn by Catholic clergy. It is made of either beaver fur or felt, and lined in white … Wikipedia
Cappello romano — Als Saturno oder Cappello romano (scherzhaft Don Camillo Hut) bezeichnet man eine besonders in Italien übliche Kopfbedeckung römischer Geistlicher. Dieser Hut wird jedoch nur zur Soutane getragen. Der Hut ist vollkommen rund und besitzt eine… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ma io non mi ricordo di aver mai scritto " cappello-verme ".Не припоминаю никакой червошляпы.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Non ha fatto altro che lanciare il cappello e farci passare valigette.
Всё, что он сделал, бросил свою шляпу и заставил нас передавать чемоданы.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Poi la mia famiglia si trasferì dove c’erano pali, grandi rioni, cappelle e quorum di ragazzi che sembravano conoscere molte più cose di me su cosa facessero i detentori del sacerdozio.
Потом наша семья переехала в район, где были колья, большие приходы, молитвенные дома и кворумы, в которых все юноши, казалось, гораздо лучше меня знали, что именно должны делать носители священства.
LDS
Tutti scoppiarono in una risata, ma il ragazzo, rimasto senza cappello, non sapeva se doveva ridere o andare in collera.
Все засмеялись, а мальчик остался без шляпы и сам не знал, смеяться ли ему, или плакать.
Literature
“Si tenga il cappello” mi disse e imboccò sgommando Gisborne Road.
– Придержите шляпу, – сказала она и завизжала шинами по Гисборн-роуд.
Literature
Lo indossa come indossa il cappello.
Это одно из тех, что он носит, как шляпу.
Literature
Nel 1609 i benedettini gli affidarono la decorazione delle volte della navata, del transetto e del coro della chiesa dei Santi Severino e Sossio, dove aveva dipinto anche alcune cappelle.
В 1609 году монахи Бенедиктинцы поручили ему роспись церкви Святых Северина и Сосиос (Chiesa dei Santi Severino e Sossio), где он также расписал несколько часовен.
WikiMatrix
Quel cappello e quella fibbia...
Эта шляпа и эта пряжка.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Non si scordi il cappello stavolta, signor Fitzgerald.
Не забудьте в этот раз свою шляпу, мистер Фитцджеральд.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Quelli con il cappello da cowboy?
В ковбойских шляпах?
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
I testimoni hanno scattato qualche foto al cappello di Caffrey, ma niente di utile.
Репортёры принесли несколько снимков шляпы Кэффри, но ничего, что мы могли бы использовать.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Non so quanto possa costare un cappello decente al giorno d’oggi, non ricordo l’ultima volta che ne ho comprato uno.
Не знаю, сколько стоит сейчас приличная шляпа, — не могу припомнить, когда я в последний раз покупал шляпу.
Literature
Si accingeva a chiudere la cappella.
Он собирался закрывать часовню.
Literature
Pratt (1807–1857) riportò un’occasione in cui la straordinaria capacità didattica del Profeta ebbe un’influenza su migliaia di persone a Filadelfia, in Pennsylvania: «Aprirono una grande cappella in cui potesse predicare e in essa si radunarono circa tremila persone per ascoltarlo.
Пратт (1807–1857 гг.) описал случай, когда необыкновенные способности Пророка как учителя повлияли на тысячи людей в Филадельфии, штат Пенсильвания: “Брат Джозеф проповедовал в одной огромной церкви; чтобы услышать его, собралось около трех тысяч человек.
LDS
Ma sei di Artù, e è tuo dovere rimanere con lui e portarlo sano e salvo alla cappella.
Но ты слуга Артура, и твой долг — быть с ним и доставить его в часовню живым и невредимым.
Literature
Perfezione Octavia e io ci spostiamo in un campo aperto, dove il cielo diventa il soffitto della Cappella Sistina.
Совершенство Мы выходим в чистое поле, где небо превращается в свод Сикстинской капеллы.
Literature
Ora ella appena entrata gli stava davanti a capo scoperto, con in mano il cappello da giardino, ed egli la guardò.
И вот она стояла перед ним с непокрытой головой, только что войдя, держа в руке летнюю шляпу, и он смотрел на нее.
Literature
All'uscita dalla città domandammo a un ometto dai grossi baffi, in cappello duro, di indicarci la strada.
Выходя из города, мы попросили какого-то большеусого мещанина в шляпе-котелке показать дорогу.
Literature
o mi mangerò il cappello.
Проглотить мне свою шляпку, к чаю вы будете замужем за полковником.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Uomini in chepì accompagnano con lo sguardo uomini in cappello.
Мужчины в кепках провожают взглядом мужчин в шляпах.
Literature
Porta sempre il cappello e spesso la barba.
Он всегда носит шляпу и почти всегда – бороду.
Literature
Con gesti vigorosi Bonadea si ravviò i capelli davanti allo specchio, poi si mise il cappello e appuntò il velo.
Бонадея энергичным движением поправила волосы перед зеркалом, затем надела шляпу и опустила вуаль.
Literature
Sappiamo tutti che è un cappello da soldato.
Мы все знаем, что это шляпа солдата.
OpenSubtitles2018.v3
Una donna che indossava uno stupido cappello da pioggia di plastica, con un cane al guinzaglio.
Женщина в глупой пластиковой шляпе выгуливала собаку.
Literature
C’erano ragazzi con il cappello da cowboy e altri vestiti normalmente.
Здесь были парни в ковбойских шляпах, и те кто был, просто одет в обычную одежду.
Literature
