Kim kard
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}Kim Kardashian
Kardashian at the White House in 2020BornKimberly Noel KardashianOctober 21, 1980
Los Angeles, California, U.S.Other namesKim Kardashian West
Heghine / Հեղինէ[a]Occupation
- Socialite
- media personality
- model
- businesswoman
Democratic (2016–present)Spouse(s)
- Damon Thomas (m. 2000; div. 2004)
- Kris Humphries (m. 2011; div. 2013)
- Kanye West (m. 2014; div. 2022)
- Robert Kardashian (father)
- Kris Jenner (mother)
Kimberly Noel Kardashian (formerly West;[2] born October 21, 1980) is an American socialite, media personality, and businesswoman. She first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton, but received wider notice after the sex tape Kim Kardashian, Superstar, shot in 2002 with her then-boyfriend Ray J, was released in 2007.[3] Later that year, she and her family began to appear in the E! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007–2021). Its success led to the formation of the spin-off series Kourtney and Kim Take New York (2011–2012), Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (2009–2013) and Hulu's successor The Kardashians (2022).
Kardashian has developed a significant presence online and across numerous social media platforms, including hundreds of millions of followers on Twitter and Instagram.[4][5][6] She has released a variety of products tied to her name, including the 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian: Hollywood, a variety of clothing and products, the 2015 photo book Selfish and her eponymous personal app. Her relationship with rapper Kanye West has also received significant media coverage; they were married from 2014 to 2022 and have four children together.[7] As an actress, Kardashian has appeared in films including Disaster Movie (2008), Deep in the Valley (2009) and Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013).
In recent years, Kardashian has focused on her own businesses by founding KKW Beauty and KKW Fragrance in 2017.[8] In 2019, she launched shapewear company Skims, which was previously called "Kimono" but changed its name following widespread backlash.[9] Kardashian has also become more politically active by lobbying president Donald Trump for prison reform and lobbying for Alice Marie Johnson to be granted clemency.[10] She has advocated for the recognition of the Armenian genocide on numerous occasions. Kardashian is also planning to become a lawyer by doing a four-year law apprenticeship that is supervised by the legal nonprofit #cut50, which was co-founded by Van Jones.[11][12][13]
Time magazine included Kardashian on their list of 2015's 100 most influential people. Both critics and admirers have described her as exemplifying the notion of being famous for being famous.[14][15][16] She was reported to be the highest-paid reality television personality of 2015, with her estimated total earnings exceeding US$53 million.[17]
Early life and education
Kimberly Noel Kardashian was born on October 21, 1980, in Los Angeles, California, to Robert and Kris Kardashian (née Houghton).[18] She has an older sister, Kourtney, a younger sister, Khloé, and a younger brother, Rob.[19] Their mother is of Dutch, English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry,[20] while their father was a third-generation Armenian-American.[21] After their parents divorced in 1991, her mother married again that year, to Bruce Jenner,[b] the 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner.[23] Through their marriage, Kim Kardashian gained step-brothers Burton "Burt", Brandon, and Brody; step-sister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner.[24]
Kardashian attended Marymount High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles.[25] In 1994, her father represented football player O. J. Simpson during his murder trial. Simpson is Kardashian's godfather.[26] Kardashian's father died in 2003 of cancer.[27] In her 20s, she was the close friend and stylist of socialite Paris Hilton, through whom Kardashian first garnered media attention.[4][28] Kardashian appeared as a guest on various episodes of Hilton's reality television series The Simple Life between 2003 and 2006.[29]
Career
Early beginnings (1996–2005)
In 1996, at the age of 16, Kardashian began working at Body, a local clothing store in Encino, California. She had recently totaled her car and before her father would agree to purchase a new one, he insisted that she be responsible for any expenses related to future damages.[30] Kardashian worked at Body for four years, assisting in the opening of the Calabasas location. In 2000, she entered her first marriage and resigned.[31]
By 2003, Kardashian was working as a personal stylist to the RB singer and actress, Brandy, sister of Ray J. Sonja Norwood, mother and manager to the siblings, stated that in 2004 she had authorized Kardashian to make "one and only one" purchase on her American Express credit card. However, Norwood stated that Kardashian, along with her sisters Khloé and Kourtney, had allegedly made over $120,000 in unauthorized charges, with the bulk attributed to purchases made at Kardashian's family owned boutique in 2006 and 2007, after Kardashian was no longer employed by the singer. Norwood stated that she did not file criminal charges at the request of her children and presented her findings to Kardashian directly who allegedly apologized and promised to repay the accumilated debt. By 2008, no attempts to repay were forthcoming so Norwood filed a civil lawsuit. Kardashian has denied all allegations. In 2009, an undisclosed settlement was reached between the parties and the lawsuit was dismissed.[32][33]
Kardashian had also begun working for socialite and childhood friend Paris Hilton as her stylist and assistant around 2003, appearing in multiple episodes of Hilton and Nicole Richie's reality show The Simple Life.[34][35] Sheeraz Hasan, a PR strategist working with Hilton, met Kardashian and her mother Kris Jenner in 2005. Hasan stated in an interview with 20/20 that Kardashian was "ready to do whatever it takes" to create a successful brand. Rick Mendozza, a freelance photographer on assignment for the tabloid TMZ, stated in the same interview that when Kardashian accompanied Hilton to Hyde, a Hollywood hotspot at the time, he continued to get assignments from tabloids to get photographs of Kardashian for the next three years.[36] In 2021, Kardashian said that Hilton "literally gave me a career. And I totally acknowledge that."[37]
Breakthrough with reality television (2006–2009)
Kardashian in 2007
Kim Kardashian Superstar (2007)
In 2006, Kardashian entered the business world with her two sisters and opened the boutique shop D-A-S-H in Calabasas, California.[38] In February 2007, a sex tape made by Kardashian and Ray J in 2002 was leaked.[39][40] Kardashian filed a lawsuit against Vivid Entertainment, who distributed the film as Kim Kardashian, Superstar. She later dropped the suit and settled for a reported US$5 million, allowing Vivid to release the tape.[3] Several media outlets later criticized her and the family for using the sex tape's release as a publicity stunt to promote their forthcoming reality show.[41][42]
Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007–2021)
In October 2007, Kardashian and her mother, Kris Jenner, her step-parent Caitlyn Jenner, her siblings Kourtney, Khloé, and Rob Kardashian, and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, began to appear in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians.[43] The series proved successful for E!, and has led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami.[44] The flagship series concluded in 2021 after 294 episodes. In one of the episodes, Kim discussed an offer from Playboy to appear nude in the magazine.[45] In December 2007, Kardashian posed in a nude pictorial for Playboy.[46]
Film and television appearances
In 2008, she made her feature film debut in the disaster film spoof Disaster Movie, in which she appeared as a character named Lisa.[47][48] That same year, she was a participant on season seven of Dancing with the Stars, where she was partnered with Mark Ballas.[49] Kardashian was the third contestant to be eliminated.[50] In January 2009, Kardashian made a cameo appearance during an episode of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother, in the episode "Benefits." In April, she released a workout DVD series through her television production company Kimsaprincess Productions, LLC which has seen the release of three successful workout videos, Fit in Your Jeans by Friday, with trainers Jennifer Galardi and Patrick Goudeau.[38][51][52] Kardashian played Elle in four episodes of the television series Beyond the Break.[53]
Kardashian became a guest host of WrestleMania XXIV and guest judge on America's Next Top Model in August of that year.[54] In September, Fusion Beauty and Seven Bar Foundation launched "Kiss Away Poverty", with Kardashian as the face of the campaign. For each LipFusion lipgloss sold, US$1 went to the Foundation to fund women entrepreneurs in the US.[55] The following month, she released her first fragrance, self-titled "Kim Kardashian."[56][57] In December 2009, Kardashian made a guest star appearance on CBS's CSI: NY with Vanessa Minnillo.[58][59]
Early endorsements (2010–2013)
In 2010, Kardashian ventured into several new endorsement deals, including endorsing various food products for Carl's Jr.[60][61] In April, Kardashian sparked controversy over the way she held a kitten for a photograph, holding it by the scruff of its neck.[62] With sisters Kourtney and Khloé, Kardashian is involved in the retail and fashion industries. They have launched several clothing collections and fragrances. Animal rights organization PETA criticized Kardashian for repeatedly wearing fur coats, and named her as one of the five worst people or organizations of 2010 when it came to animal welfare.[63] June saw Kardashian guest star with Khloé and Kourtney as themselves on the season three premiere episode of the series 90210.[64]
Kardashian backstage at The Heart Truth's Red Dress Collection, 2010
On July 1, 2010, the New York City branch of Madame Tussauds revealed a wax figure of Kardashian.[65] In November, Kardashian served as producer for The Spin Crowd, a reality television show about Command PR, a New York City public relations firm, run by Jonathan Cheban and Simon Huck. The show followed them as they settle into their new offices in Los Angeles. That month, she also appeared on season ten of The Apprentice.[66][67] Kim, Kourtney, and Khloé wrote an autobiography titled Kardashian Konfidential, which was released in stores on November 23, and appeared on New York Times's Best Seller List.[68]
In December 2010, Kardashian filmed a music video for a song titled "Jam (Turn It Up)". The video was directed by Hype Williams; Kanye West makes a cameo in the video.[69] Kardashian premiered the song during a New Year's Eve party at TAO Las Vegas on December 31, 2010.[70] The song was produced by The-Dream and Tricky Stewart. When asked if an album was in the works, Kardashian replied, "There's no album in the works or anything—just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim Take New York, and a video Hype Williams directed, half of the proceeds we're giving away to a cancer foundation, because The-Dream's and one of my parents passed away from cancer. It's just all having fun—with a good cause".[71] Jim Farber, writing for the Daily News, called the song a "dead-brained piece of generic dance music, without a single distinguishing feature", and suggested that the single made Kardashian the "worst singer in the reality TV universe".[72]
That month, the International Business Times reported that Kardashian's 2010 earnings were the highest among Hollywood-based reality stars, estimating them at $6 million.[73][74]
In April 2011, Kardashian released her third fragrance "Gold".[56] In March 2012, Kardashian debuted her fourth fragrance, titled "True Reflection", which she worked with the company Dress for Success to promote.[75] In April, E! renewed Keeping Up with the Kardashians for two additional seasons, in a deal reported to be worth $50 million.[76][77] In November 2011, she released a novel Dollhouse along with sisters Kourtney and Khloe.[78] In October 2012, Kardashian released her fifth fragrance, "Glam", which was made available through Debenhams.[79] In summer of 2012, Kardashian and her family filmed a music video in the Dominican Republic to Notorious B.I.G's song "Hypnotize".[80]
In the romantic drama Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013), produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry, Kardashian obtained the role of the co-worker of an ambitious therapist. While the film was a moderate box office success, with a worldwide gross of US$53.1 million,[81] critical response was negative and Kardashian won the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress.
Focus on social media (2014–2016)
Kardashian in September 2014
Kardashian appeared on the cover and in a pictorial in Paper's winter 2014 issue, photographed by Jean-Paul Goude.[82] On the cover, her nude buttocks are featured above the caption: "Break the Internet", which generated considerable comment in both social and traditional media.[83][84] A Time magazine writer commented that, unlike previous celebrities' nudes that represented the women's rebellion against repressed society and "trying to tear down" barriers, Kardashian's exhibition was "just provocation and bluster, repeated images that seem to offer us some sort of truth or insight but are really just self serving. We want there to be something more, some reason or context, some great explanation that tells us what it is like to live in this very day and age, but there is not. Kim Kardashian's ass is nothing but an empty promise."[85] However, the stunt "set a new benchmark" in social media response,[86] and Paper's website received 15.9 million views in one day, compared with 25,000 views on an average day.[87][88]
In June 2014, Kardashian released a mobile game for iPhone and Android called Kim Kardashian: Hollywood. The objective of the game is to become a Hollywood star or starlet.[89] The game supports a free to play model, meaning the game is free to download, but charges for in-game items.[90] The game was a hit, earning US$1.6 million in its first five days of release.[90] In July, the game's developer Glu Mobile announced that the game was the fifth highest earning game in Apple's App Store.[90] Kardashian voiced the role of an alien in an episode of the adult animated series American Dad!, in season 11 (2014–15) in the episode titled "Blagsnarst, A Love Story" on September 21, 2014.[91][92] In May 2015, Kardashian released a portfolio book called Selfish, a 325-page collection of self-taken photos of herself.[93] In December 2015, Kardashian released an emoji pack for iOS devices called Kimoji.[94] The app was a best-seller, becoming one of the top 5 most bought apps that week.[94] In August 2015, Kardashian was the cover model for Vogue Spain.[95]
As of November 2016, as per CBC Marketplace and interviews with celebrity endorsement experts, Kim Kardashian was paid between $75,000 and $300,000 for each post that she made on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter endorsing beauty products like waist trainers, teeth whiteners as well as Coca-Cola and well-known charities. Experts think that celebrities offer fake glimpses into their lives to make viewers fall for their advertising pitches, curated to look as though the viewer is catching them in a spontaneous moment when they are mostly staged.[96]
KKW Beauty and Skims (2017–present)
In June 2017, she launched her beauty line, KKW Beauty,[97] and in November 2017 she launched her own fragrance line, KKW Fragrance.[98]
By 2018, according to Business Insider, Kardashian was charging $720,000 per Instagram post. Even though engagement data indicates that her posts are worth slightly less,[99] she is regularly making headlines and this allows her to demand a premium above any calculated Instagram sponsored post price. Kardashian made a cameo appearance in the heist film Ocean's 8, which was released on June 8, 2018.[100][101] In 2019, Kardashian appeared at the Met Gala with her figure hugging corset-induced Thierry Mugler dress.[102][103]
In June 2019, Kardashian launched a new range of shapewear called "Kimono". Kardashian was heavily criticized over the name of the brand, which critics argued disrespected Japanese culture and ignored the significance behind the traditional outfit. Following the launch of the range, the hashtag #KimOhNo began trending on Twitter and the mayor of Kyoto wrote to Kardashian to ask her to reconsider the trademark on Kimono. In response to public pressure, in July 2019, Kardashian announced that she would change the name.[104] However, Japanese trade minister Hiroshige Seko stated that he would still be dispatching patent officials for a meeting at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and that Japan would keep an eye on the situation.[105] She later replaced the shapewear company to the name Skims.[106] In June 2021, Kardashian revealed that her brand Skims would provide undergarments, loungewear and pajamas and other clothing items with American flags and the Olympics rings with a Team USA branding printed on them to the Team USA at the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[107] In October 2021, it was announced that luxury fashion house Fendi would do a capsule collection with Skims.[108]
She hosted Saturday Night Live in October 2021 and in her monologue, she made fun of her estranged-husband Kanye West, her mom's ex-husband Caitlyn Jenner, her sisters, O. J. Simpson and others.[109] In January 2022, in a class-action lawsuit filed against the cryptocurrency company EthereumMax that alleged the company is a pump and dump scheme, Kardashian was named as a defendant along with former professional boxer Floyd Mayweather Jr., former NBA player Paul Pierce, and other celebrities for promoting the EthereumMax token on their social media accounts.[110][111] In February 2022, the U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in a lawsuit against Bitconnect that the Securities Act of 1933 extends to targeted solicitation using social media.[112] In July 2022, she made her Paris Fashion Week modeling debut on the catwalk for fashion house Balenciaga along with Nicole Kidman; Dua Lipa; and Christine Quinn from the reality television show Selling Sunset.[113]
Personal life
Relationships
Kardashian with then-husband Kanye West at the Met Gala in 2019
In 2000, 19-year-old Kardashian eloped with music producer Damon Thomas.[114] Thomas filed for divorce in 2003. Kardashian later blamed their separation on physical and emotional abuse on his part[115] and said she was high on ecstasy during the ceremony.[116] Prior to the completion of her divorce, Kardashian began dating singer Ray J.[114]
In May 2011, Kardashian became engaged to NBA player Kris Humphries, then of the New Jersey Nets, whom she had been dating since October 2010.[117] They were married in a wedding ceremony on August 20 in Montecito, California.[118] Earlier that month, she had released her "wedding fragrance" called "Kim Kardashian Love" which coincided with her own wedding.[56][119] A two-part TV special showing the preparations and the wedding itself aired on E! in early October 2011, amidst what The Washington Post called a "media blitz" related to the wedding.[120] After 72 days of marriage, she filed for divorce from Humphries on October 31, citing irreconcilable differences.[121] Several news outlets surmised that Kardashian's marriage to Humphries was merely a publicity stunt to promote the Kardashian family's brand and their subsequent television ventures.[122] A man professing to be her former publicist, Jonathan Jaxson, also claimed that her short-lived marriage was indeed staged and a ploy to generate money. Kardashian filed a suit against Jaxson, saying his claims were untrue, and subsequently settled the case that included an apology from Jaxson.[123] A widely circulated petition asking to remove all Kardashian-related programming from the air followed the split.[124] The divorce was subject to widespread media attention.[125]
Kardashian began dating rapper and longtime friend Kanye West in April 2012, while still legally married to Humphries.[126] Her divorce was finalized on June 3, 2013,[127] Kardashian and West became engaged on October 21, Kardashian's 33rd birthday,[128] and married on May 24, 2014, at Forte di Belvedere in Florence, Italy.[129] Her wedding dress was designed by Riccardo Tisci of Givenchy[130] with some guests' dresses designed by designer Michael Costello.[131] The couple's high status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage; The New York Times referred to their marriage as "a historic blizzard of celebrity".[7] In January 2021, CNN reported that the couple were discussing divorce[132] and on February 19, 2021, Kardashian officially filed for divorce.[133] In April 2021, they both agreed before court that they would end their marriage due to "irreconcilable differences" and agreed to joint custody of their four children. They also agreed that neither of them need spousal support.[134] In February 2022, Kardashian filed a complaint to the Los Angeles Superior Court, asking for a quicker proceedings in the divorce from West, saying that West was trying to delay it and saying that "Mr. West, by his actions, has made it clear that he does not accept that the parties' marital relationship is over."[135] Kardashian was declared legally single on March 2, 2022.[136]
Kardashian began dating actor and comedian Pete Davidson in November 2021.[137][138]
Religion
Kim Kardashian is a Christian and has described herself as "really religious".[139] She was educated in Christian schools of both the Presbyterian and Roman Catholic traditions.[139] In October 2019, she was baptized in an Armenian Apostolic ceremony at the baptistery in the Etchmiadzin Cathedral complex and given the Armenian name Heghine (Հեղինէ).[140]
In April 2015, Kardashian and West traveled to the Armenian Quarter of the Old City in Jerusalem to have their daughter North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church, one of the oldest denominations of Oriental Orthodox Christianity. The ceremony took place at the Cathedral of St. James.[141] Khloé Kardashian was appointed the godmother of North.[142] In October 2019, Kim baptized her three younger children at the baptistery in the Etchmiadzin Cathedral complex, Armenia's mother church.[143][144] Psalm was given the Armenian name Vardan, Chicago received Ashkhen and Saint received Grigor.[145]
Health and pregnancies
Kardashian and West have four children: daughter North (born June 15, 2013),[146] son Saint (born December 5, 2015),[147] daughter Chicago (born January 15, 2018),[148] and son Psalm (born May 9, 2019).[149][150]
Kardashian has publicly discussed difficulties during her first two pregnancies. She experienced pre-eclampsia during her first, which forced her to deliver at 34 weeks. With both pregnancies, she developed placenta accreta after delivery, eventually undergoing surgery to remove the placenta and scar tissue.[151][152] After her second pregnancy, doctors advised her not to become pregnant again;[153] her third and fourth children were born via surrogacy.[152][154] Kardashian has also spoken about her psoriasis.[155]
In May 2021, it was reported that Kardashian had tested positive for COVID-19 in November 2020. She confirmed this report[156] but denied reports that she caught the disease after hosting a party at a private island.[157]
Wealth
Kardashian in Australia for the E! News: Red carpet and dinner in 2012
In May 2014, Kardashian was estimated to be worth US$45 million.[158] In 2015, Forbes reported she had "made more this year than ever as her earnings nearly doubled to $53 million from 2014's $28 million", and reported that she "has monetized fame better than any other".[159] Much of her income includes wholesale earnings of the Sears line, the Kardashian Kollection, which brought in $600 million in 2013 and the Kardashian Beauty cosmetics line, Kardashian-branded tanning products, the boutique-line DASH, as well as sponsored social media posts which are collectively worth $300,000–500,000 per post.[160][161] As of July 2018, Kardashian was worth US$350 million.[162] Kardashian does not receive alimony payments from either of her first two marriages.[163] On April 6, 2021, Forbes estimated Kardashian's net worth at US$1 billion.[164]
Paris robbery
On October 2, 2016, while attending Paris Fashion Week, Kardashian was robbed at gunpoint in the apartment where she was staying. Five individuals, dressed as police officers, bound and gagged her, then stole $10 million worth of jewelry.[165] The thieves got in her residence by threatening the concierge. Once they accessed Kardashian's room, they held a gun to her head, tying her wrists and legs and wrapping duct tape around her mouth as a gag.[166] Kardashian, who was placed in the bathtub, was physically unharmed and reportedly begged for her life.[167][168][169] She managed to wriggle her hands free from the plastic ties around her wrists and scream for help. The thieves escaped.[170] On October 6, 2016, it was revealed that filming for the next season of Keeping up with the Kardashians had been placed "on hold indefinitely" after the robbery.[171]
After the robbery was announced, several critics expressed skepticism about whether it was staged or not, with some even drawing comparison to Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte's recent false robbery claim.[172][173] On October 10, 2016, a video was released showing Kardashian immediately after the robbery, as police began conducting their investigation. In the video, she is seen using the cell phone that she had reported stolen, and did not have any of the markings she claimed from being bound by her captors, prompting more questions as to whether or not the events were staged.[174] In response, Kardashian filed lawsuits against several media outlets the following day, and secured a gag order to get the video removed from any articles due to it being part of an active police investigation.[175][176][177] On October 25, 2016, Kardashian dropped the lawsuit, prompting more criticism that the robbery was a ploy to generate media attention.[178][179] Production resumed on Keeping Up with the Kardashians on October 26.[180]
On January 9, 2017, French police detained 17 persons of interest for questioning in the robbery case.[181] Later in 2017, 16 people were arrested for their alleged involvement.[182] It was revealed in 2020 that French prosecutors would seek trial for 12 of the suspects.[183] The suspects who allegedly entered her room were of, or near, senior age and were named the 'Grandpa Robbers' by the press.[184] In 2021, the suspects were still awaiting trial with at least one of the five who entered Kardashian's room reportedly set to plead no contest to the charges.[185]
Activism
During an interview with Caity Weaver of GQ for the July 2016 issue, Kardashian described herself as a Democrat, and declared support for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[186]
Kardashian in front of the Armenian genocide memorial in Yerevan, Armenia in October 2019
Kardashian has expressed pride in her Armenian and Scottish ancestry.[187][188] She is not a citizen of either Armenia or the United Kingdom and does not speak Armenian.[189] She has advocated for the recognition of the Armenian Genocide on numerous occasions and encouraged President Barack Obama and the United States government to consider its acknowledgement.[190][191][192] In April 2015, Kardashian traveled to Armenia with her husband, her sister Khloé, and her daughter North and visited the Armenian Genocide memorial Tsitsernakaberd in Yerevan.[193] In April 2016, Kardashian wrote an article on her website condemning The Wall Street Journal for running an advertisement by FactCheckArmenia.com denying the Armenian Genocide.[194] During her visit to Armenia in 2019, she stated that she "talk[s] about [the Armenian Genocide] with people internally at the White House". However, she added that she hasn't "had a private conversation" with President Donald Trump about it.[195] In 2020, Kardashian condemned the actions of Azerbaijan in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and expressed her support to Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh.[196][197] In April 2021, Kardashian wrote a letter to President Joe Biden thanking him for officially recognizing the Armenian Genocide, thus becoming the first ever US president to do so.[198]
In April 2019, Vogue reported that Kardashian was studying to pass the bar exam; instead of attending law school, she is "reading law".[199] In 2021, Kardashian said she had failed her first-year law exam (the baby bar) for a second time, performing "slightly worse" than her first attempt earlier in the year.[200][201] In December 2021, she passed the "baby bar" law exam on her fourth attempt.[202]
In January 2017, she tweeted a table of statistics that went viral, highlighting statistics that show that gun violence in the United States kills 11,737 people annually while terrorism in the United States kills 14 people annually. In December 2017, the tweet was mentioned by the Royal Statistical Society in the announcement of its "International Statistic of the Year" for 2017.[203][204]
On a trip to Uganda in October 2018, she and her husband met with President Yoweri Museveni. They had a press conference, and Kanye talked about tourism in Uganda. They were criticized for meeting Museveni due to his being a dictator and his recent crackdown on the opposition and the Ugandan LGBT community.[205][206][207]
On October 10, 2020, Kardashian announced she donated $1 million to Armenia Fund, a humanitarian organization that supports Armenia's development. She also had previously posted messages on social media in support of Artsakh due to the recent war that broke out between Artsakh and Azerbaijan regarding the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.[208] She also urged followers to donate too.[209]
Kardashian has also contributed to private GoFundMe causes, especially of people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.[210] In September 2021, she donated $3,000 to a mother of four who had lost her husband to COVID-19 and was about to be evicted from her home.[210]
On November 20, 2021, it was reported that Kardashian and the English soccer club Leeds United F.C. had financially helped female Afghan soccer players to make their way to England. The women and girls had escaped Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover, but were stranded in Pakistan.[211][212]
Prison reform and clemency advocacy
Kardashian has worked in the area of prison reform, advocating for the commutation of the sentence of Chris Young and also of Alice Marie Johnson, a woman who received a life sentence for a first-time drug offense as the leader of a major cocaine ring in Tennessee[213][214][215] which was granted by President Donald Trump in June 2018.[216][217] Along with Van Jones and Jared Kushner, she was instrumental in persuading President Trump to support the First Step Act, which enacted major reforms in the US prison system. Van Jones later stated that without Kardashian, the act would have never passed because it would not have received the president's support. It was later passed by a great majority in the US Senate.[218][219][220]
In early 2019, Kardashian largely funded the 90 Days to Freedom campaign, an initiative to release nonviolent drug offenders from life sentences by attorneys Brittany K. Barnett and MiAngel Cody.[221] The effort resulted in 17 persons being released under provisions of the First Step Act.[221] Kardashian was widely credited for the success of the campaign in media headlines.[222] Commentary on her involvement ranged from praise, to assertions that it was a public relations stunt, to accusations that she was taking the credit for work she did not do.[221] In a Facebook post from May 7 of that year, Barnett commented on the divisive and underfunded nature of the "criminal justice reform space", adding, "Kim linked arms with us to support us when foundations turned us down. We and our clients and their families have a lot of love for her and are deeply grateful for her."[223][224]
In early April 2022, Kardashian advocated for the clemency of Melissa Lucio, the only woman of Hispanic descent on Texas' death row, in a series of tweets. She tweeted, "I recently just read about the case of Melissa Lucio and wanted to share her story with you. She has been on death row for over 14 years for her daughter's death that was a tragic accident."[225][226] Lucio is on death row for the abuse and death of her daughter, who was two years old. Kardashian deleted the series of tweets the same day.[225] When Lucio was granted a stay of execution on April 25, Kardashian celebrated on her social media channels.[227]
In July 2022, Kardashian expressed support for the release, and petitioned, for rapper Gunna, who is imprisoned without bond, charged with one count of violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.[228]
Filmography
Main article: List of Kim Kardashian performances- Kim Kardashian, Superstar (2007)
- Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007–2021)
- Disaster Movie (2008)
- Kourtney and Kim Take Miami (2009–2013)
- Kourtney and Kim Take New York (2011–2012)
- Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013)
- Dash Dolls (2015)
- PAW Patrol: The Movie (2021)
- The Kardashians (2022)
Awards and nominations
Teen Choice Awards
Year Category Nominated work / Nominee Result Ref. 2008 Choice TV Female Reality/Variety Star Keeping Up with the Kardashians Nominated [229] 2009 Choice TV: Female Reality/Variety Star Nominated [230] 2010 Choice Female Reality/Variety Star[c] Won [231] Choice Female Hottie Kim Kardashian Nominated [231] Choice Twit Nominated [231] 2011 Choice TV: Female Reality/Variety Star[c] Keeping Up with the Kardashians Won [232] Choice Female Hottie Kim Kardashian Nominated [233] 2012 Choice TV: Female Reality/Variety Star[c] Keeping Up with the Kardashians Won [234] 2013 Choice TV: Female Reality/Variety Star[e] Won [235] 2016 Choice TV Show: Reality Keeping Up with the Kardashians Won [236] 2016 Choice Selfie Taker Kim Kardashian Nominated 2016 Choice Instagramer Kim Kardashian Nominated 2016 Choice Social Media Queen Kim Kardashian NominatedOther awards
Year Association Category Nominated work / Nominee Result Ref. 2008 Golden Raspberry Awards Worst Supporting Actress Disaster Movie Nominated [237] 2014 Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor Won [238] 2011 People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Celeb Reality Star Kim Kardashian Won [239] 2017 Favorite Social Media Star Kim Kardashian Nominated [240] 2011 Glamour Award Entrepreneur of the Year Kim Kardashian Won [241] 2018 CFDA Influencer Award Kim Kardashian Won [242]Bibliography
- .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotesmw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Kardashian, Kim; Kardashian, Kourtney; Kardashian, Khloé (2010). Kardashian Konfidential. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312628079.
- Kardashian, Kim; Kardashian, Kourtney; Kardashian, Khloé (2011). Dollhouse. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 9780062063847.
- Kardashian, Kim (2011). Selfish. Universe Publishing. ISBN 9780789329202.
See also
- Famous for being famous
- List of most-followed Instagram accounts
- List of most-followed Twitter accounts
Notes
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} ^ Armenian Apostolic baptismal name ^ Jenner changed her name to Caitlyn due to gender transition in 2015.[22] ^ a b c With Kourtney, Khloé, Rob and Kris. ^ Prior to her gender transition, Caitlyn went by her birth middle name Bruce. ^ With Kourtney, Khloé, Rob, Kris, Kendall, Kylie and Bruce.[d]References
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May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ Ritschel, Chelsea (December 13, 2019). "Kim Kardashian says she had to undergo five operations after pregnancy". The Independent. Retrieved January 28, 2021. ^ a b Fisher, Luchina (March 13, 2018). "Kim Kardashian West explains why she chose a surrogate for her third child". ABC News. Retrieved January 28, 2021. ^ King, Brittany (April 2, 2017). "Kim Kardashian West Reveals She Can't Carry Any More Kids and Looks to Surrogacy: 'I Give Up'". People. ^ Andriakos, Jacqueline (March 27, 2017). "What You Need to Know About Kim Kardashian West's High-Risk Pregnancy". People. Retrieved January 28, 2021. ^ Barr, Sabrina (September 20, 2019). "Kim Kardashian discusses 'painful and scary' psoriatic arthritis diagnosis in new essay". The Independent. Retrieved January 28, 2021. ^ Woodward, Ellie (May 27, 2021). "Kim Kardashian Tested Positive For COVID Days After Returning From Her Controversial Island Birthday Trip". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved May 30, 2021. ^ Lindsay, Duncan (May 29, 2021). "Kim Kardashian denies that she caught Covid-19 during that controversial island party". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved May 30, 2021. ^ "Wealth-X UHNW Valuation Update: Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's Combined Net Worth Estimated At US$155 Million After "Kimye" Florentine Wedding". Yahoo! Finance. PR Newswire. May 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014. ^ "#33 Kim Kardashian". Forbes. Retrieved July 25, 2015. ^ "Legal Documents Reveal Kim Kardashian Makes $300K to $500K Per Instagram Post". Complex. Retrieved May 5, 2019. ^ Hayley Krischer (August 9, 2014). "Kim Kardashian: Estimated $40 million". Daily Worth. Retrieved February 22, 2016. ^ Robehmed, Natalie (July 11, 2018). "Why Kim Kardashian West Is Worth $350 Million". Forbes. Retrieved July 13, 2018. ^ "Kim Kardashian, Kris Humphries' Divorce: By the Numbers". Hollywood Reporter. ^ Berg, Madeline (April 6, 2021). "Kim Kardashian West Is Officially A Billionaire". Forbes. Retrieved April 6, 2021. ^ "Kim Kardashian Bound and Gagged at gunpoint". Teen Vogue. October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016. ^ "Kim Kardashian was bound, gagged and begging for life during Paris jewelry robbery". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2016. ^ Puente, Maria (October 3, 2016). "Kim Kardashian's Paris trauma: What we know". USA Today. Retrieved October 3, 2016. ^ Charlton, Angela; Petrequin, Samuel (October 3, 2016). "Armed jewelry thieves target Kardashian West in Paris". The Big Story. Retrieved October 4, 2016. ^ Grinberg, Emanuella; Melas, Chloe; Sutton, Joe (October 3, 2016). "Kim Kardashian West in New York after robbery". CNN. Retrieved October 4, 2016. ^ "How Kim Kardashian Escaped After Being Bound and Gagged by Her Attackers". Cosmopolitan. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016. ^ "'Keeping Up With the Kardashians' placed 'on hold indefinitely'". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 6, 2016. ^ "French police suspected Kardashian West of letting the robbers in". CNN. October 12, 2016. ^ "Did Kim Kardashian Pull A Ryan Lochte?". Dlisted. October 11, 2016. ^ "Kim Kardashian Exposed: Major Holes In Robbery Story, Police Video". Radar. October 11, 2016. ^ "[UPDATED] Kim Kardashian Is Suing Multiple Sites for Claiming She Made Up Her Paris Robbery". Cosmopolitan. ^ "Kim Kardashian West Sues Over 'Staged' Robbery Claims". ABC News. ^ "Kim Kardashian did not fake her robbery and she'll sue to prove it". Rueters. ^ "Kim Kardashian Drops MediaTakeOut Lawsuit". Fortune. ^ "Kim Kardashian Halts MediaTakeOut Lawsuit". Vanity Fair. ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (October 26, 2016). "'Keeping Up With the Kardashians' Resumes Production With Kim Following Paris Robbery". Variety. Retrieved January 10, 2017. ^ Cornevin, Oceane (January 9, 2017). "Kim Kardashian West robbery suspects picked up by French police". CNN. Retrieved August 21, 2021. ^ "French police arrest 16 in Kardashian Paris robbery case". France 24. September 1, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2021. ^ "Paris prosecutors seek trial for Kim Kardashian jewellery theft suspects". France 24. April 6, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2021. ^ Langsdon, Ian (January 13, 2017). "France's Nickname for Kardashian Suspects: Grandpa Robbers". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2021. ^ "Man who robbed Kim Kardashian in Paris recounts heist in tell-all book". France 24. March 2, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2021. ^ Weaver, Caity (July 2016). "Kim Kardashian West on Kanye and Taylor Swift, What's in O.J.'s Bag, and Understanding Caitlyn". GQ. Retrieved September 24, 2016. ^ "A Look Back at the Kardashian Family's Humble Armenian Roots". People. April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016. ^ "Kardashian sisters talk fashion and their Scottish links". Daily Record. November 9, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2017. ^ "Kim Kardashian – The Armenian Interview". April 3, 2010. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2017. ^ "'Time to Recognize the Armenian Genocide,' Says Kim Kardashian". Asbarez. April 21, 2011. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011. ^ "Kim Kardashian West: Armenian Genocide Victims 'Should Never Be Forgotten'". Time. April 24, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016. ^ "Kim Kardashian calls for recognition of Armenian Genocide". Public Radio of Armenia. April 25, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016. ^ "Kim and Khloé Kardashian's Emotional Visit to the Armenia Genocide Memorial". People. April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016. ^ "Kim Kardashian Is Taking Down the 'Wall Street Journal' Ad Denying Armenian Genocide". Mic. April 27, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016. ^ "Kim Kardashian says she spoke about Armenian Genocide at White House too". news.am. October 8, 2019. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (September 27, 2020). "Kim Kardashian calls to condemn Azerbaijani aggression against Artsakh, cut off US military aid". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved October 3, 2020. ^ Blair, Caroline (October 2, 2020). "Kardashians voice their opinions on an international crisis". Heavy. Retrieved October 3, 2020. ^ "Kim Kardashian West, whose father was Armenian-American, thanked Biden for formally recognizing the Armenian genocide". Insider Inc. April 24, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021. ^ "The Awakening of Kim Kardashian West". Vogue. April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019. ^ "Kim Kardashian reveals second law exam fail in TV show finale". BBC News. June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021. ^ "Kim Kardashian fails law exam for a second time". The Independent. June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021. ^ Christen Jones, Zoe (December 13, 2021). "Kim Kardashian West passes "baby bar" law exam". CBS News. Retrieved December 13, 2021. ^ Fray, Keith (December 18, 2017). "Best statistics of 2017 are 69 and 0.1". Financial Times. Retrieved July 22, 2022. ^ "And the winner of the international statistic of the year is..." World Economic Forum. January 2, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2019. ^ "Why Kanye's Uganda trip was controversial". October 16, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ "Why Kanye West and Kim Kardashian Are Being Criticized for Meeting With Uganda's President". Time. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (October 16, 2018). "Bobi Wine attacks Kanye West over Museveni meeting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ Shafer, Ellise (October 11, 2020). "Kim Kardashian West Donates $1 Million to Armenia Fund Amid Ongoing Conflict With Azerbaijan". Variety. Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2020. ^ Mccarty, Tyler (October 11, 2020). "Kim Kardashian-West donates $1M to Armenia Fund amid ongoing conflict, urges followers to donate too". Fox News. Fox News. Retrieved October 11, 2020. ^ a b Bacardi, Francesca (September 27, 2021). "Kim Kardashian donates $3K to mother of four's GoFundMe". Page Six. New York Post. Retrieved January 31, 2022. ^ Brown, Daniel (November 20, 2021). "Kim Kardashian and Leeds United help Afghan women's football team who escaped Taliban". SportsJoe. Retrieved November 20, 2021. ^ "Kim Kardashian and Leeds aid Afghan female footballers' flight to Britain". Kuwait Times. November 20, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021. ^ Amy Mackelden (June 6, 2018). "Who is Alice Marie Johnson?". Harper's Bazaar. ^ Adriana Diaz (June 7, 2018). "Alice Johnson embracing newfound freedom after two decades behind bars". CBS News. ^ Memphis drug dealer gets life in prison, Associated Press (February 23, 1997). ^ Oliphant, James; Wolfe, Jan (June 6, 2018). "Trump commutes sentence after appeal by Kim Kardashian". Reuters. ^ McDonell-Parry, Amelia (September 6, 2018). "Kim Kardashian, Activist, Visits White House to Call for Prisoner Freedom". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 29, 2018. ^ Jeremy Diamond and Alex Rogers (December 19, 2018). "How Jared Kushner, Kim Kardashian West and Congress drove the criminal justice overhaul". CNN. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ "The Inside Story of How Prison Reform Got Done". Time. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ Andrews-Dyer, Helena (January 31, 2019). "Kim Kardashian is still fighting for criminal justice reform". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 12, 2019. ^ a b c Johnson, George (May 12, 2019). "Opinion | Kim Kardashian's 'prison reform' work reveals downsides of celebrity activism". NBC News. Retrieved May 14, 2019. ^ Example headlines:- Melas, Chloe (May 7, 2019). "Kim Kardashian West has helped free 17 inmates in 90 days". CNN. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- MTV News Staff (May 8, 2019). "Kim Kardashian West Helped Free 17 More People From Prison". MTV News. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- Lewis, Sophie (May 8, 2019). "Kim Kardashian West has helped free 17 people from prison in the last 90 days". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
External links
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- Ben Stiller vs. Puffy the Dog – There's Something About Mary (1999)
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- Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker vs. Hong Kong gang – Rush Hour 2 (2002)
- Yoda vs. Christopher Lee – Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2003)
- Uma Thurman vs. Chiaki Kuriyama – Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2004)
- Uma Thurman vs. Daryl Hannah – Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2005)
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- Robert Pattinson vs. Bryce Dallas Howard and Xavier Samuel – The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2011)
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- Orlando Bloom and Evangeline Lilly vs. Orcs – The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2014)
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