Innas
.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}Inna
Inna on the set of Masked Singer România in 2021BornElena Alexandra Apostoleanu16 October 1986
Mangalia, RomaniaEducationOvidius UniversityOccupation
- Singer
- songwriter[1]
- Roton[3]
- Warner[4]
- Global[5]
- Universal[6]
Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu[a] (born 16 October 1986), known professionally as Inna (stylized in all caps), is a Romanian singer and songwriter. Born in Mangalia and raised in Neptun, she studied political science at Ovidius University before meeting the Romanian trio Play Win and pursuing a music career. She adopted the stage name "Alessandra" in 2008 and adopted a pop-rock style; later that year, she changed her stage name to "Inna" and began releasing house music. "Hot" (2008), her debut single, was a commercial success worldwide and topped the Romanian and Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart, among others. Her debut studio album of the same name followed in August 2009 and was certified Gold and Platinum. It featured several other successful singles in Europe, including "Amazing" (2009), the singer's second number-one single in Romania.
Inna's second album, I Am the Club Rocker (2011), yielded global success for the single "Sun Is Up" (2010). The track won the Eurodanceweb Award, making Inna the first and only Romanian artist to win the award. In 2011, it was announced Inna was the highest-paid Romanian and Eastern European artist. Her follow-up studio album, Party Never Ends (2013), was nominated for two consecutive years for Best Album at the Romanian Music Awards and reached the top ten in Mexico. It featured "More than Friends", a moderate European hit in collaboration with Daddy Yankee. In 2014, Inna signed with Atlantic Records and released the commercially successful "Cola Song" with J Balvin, which was used to promote that year's FIFA World Cup.
Inna's fourth and eponymous studio album was released in October 2015 and included "Diggy Down", her third number-one single in Romania. Beginning in 2017, Inna has been a coach on the talent show Vocea României Junior alongside Andra and Marius Moga. In the same year, she also released her fifth album Nirvana, whose singles found chart success in European countries such as Romania and Turkey. She signed a record deal with Roc Nation in 2018 to release her sixth studio album Yo in May 2019. Entirely envisioned by Inna, the Spanish-language effort marks a change in direction for her, as she approaches experimental and gypsy-influenced music styles. Her first single outside the Yo era, "Bebe", reached number one in Romania in March 2020. The singer also attained success in various Eastern European territories with "Flashbacks" (2021) and "Up" (2021), with the former being the lead single from her seventh studio album, Heartbreaker, released in November 2020. Inna's eighth record, Champagne Problems, followed as a two-part release in January and March 2022.
With global album sales of four million copies from her first three studio albums, Inna is the best-selling Romanian artist. She has received several awards and nominations, including the Balkan Music Awards, European Border Breakers Award, MTV Europe Music Awards and the Romanian Music Awards. Inna is a human rights activist, participating in campaigns against domestic violence and in support of children's rights.
Life and career
1986–2007: Early life and career beginnings
Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu was born on 16 October 1986 in Mangalia, Romania,[7] to Giorgic and Maria Apostoleanu.[8][9] She was raised in Neptun, where her father worked as a sea rescuer and her mother as a dancer and singer.[10] As a child, Inna competed as a swimmer and became interested in football and basketball as well as music.[10][11][12] She listened to a variety of musical styles as a teenager, including electro house and europop, and to artists such as Beyoncé, Christina Aguilera, Celine Dion and Whitney Houston.[12][13] Inna attended the sole, now dissolved, elementary school in Neptun.[10] Following this, the singer enrolled at Colegiul Economic (Economy College) in Mangalia, later studying political science at Ovidius University in Constanța. She also took singing lessons and participated in music festivals.[14] An early foray into the music industry was an unsuccessful audition for the Romanian band A.S.I.A.[10][15]
When Inna worked in an office, her manager heard her singing and contacted the production team Play Win with whom she recorded several songs.[16] Adopting the stage name Alessandra in 2008, she entered "Goodbye" and "Sorry" to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2008; neither was selected.[17] The singer performed "Goodbye" live on the primetime TV show, Teo!, her first televised appearance.[18] Later that year, she changed her stage name to Inna since it was easy to memorize and was the name her grandfather called her when she was young.[19] Early in her career, Inna released pop-rock songs,[20] but switched to "commercial" minimal-infused house music after changing her stage name.[19] In a News of the World interview, Inna cited Swedish House Mafia, The Black Eyed Peas and Jessie J as inspirations.[21] Others include Pink, Houston and Dion.[22]
2008–2011: Hot and I Am the Club Rocker
Inna at the Sopot Hit Festival in August 2009
Inna's debut single, "Hot", was sent to Romanian radio stations in August 2008.[23] It topped the Romanian charts that winter,[24] prompting her to be booked at Romanian nightclubs.[25] The track was also commercially successful throughout Europe,[26] and topped Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart in early 2010.[27] "Love" (2009) was released as Inna's second single, reaching number four in Romania.[28] The singer received the first nominations of her career at the 2009 Eska Music Awards in Poland for "Hot".[29] Her Romanian label, Roton, signed a contract with the American label Ultra Records in April 2009.[30]
Inna collaborated with Romanian musician Bogdan Croitoru on her follow-up single, "Déjà Vu" (2009), which they released under pseudonyms (Bob Taylor and Anni) before revealing their true identities after a period of speculation.[31][32][33] The single was as commercially successful as its predecessors.[34] Inna had her second number-one hit in Romania with "Amazing", her fourth single, in 2009.[35] The song was originally written by Play Win for Romanian singer Anca Badiu, who later complained they had "stolen" it.[36] Inna's debut studio album, Hot, was released in August 2009[37] and also included the last single "10 Minutes" (2010).[38] The record was commercially successful and was certified Gold in Romania and Platinum in France.[39][40] As of December 2011, it had sold 500,000 copies worldwide.[41] Inna was the Best Romanian Act at the 2009 and 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards, the first Romanian artist to win the award in two consecutive years.[42] In 2010, she was also nominated for Best European Act.[43]
Inna at the 2011 NRJ Music Awards
Inna's sixth single, "Sun Is Up", was released in October 2010[44][45] and peaked at number two on the Romanian Top 100.[46] It did well in a number of other European countries, earning Gold in Switzerland and Italy[47][48] and Silver in the United Kingdom.[49] "Sun Is Up" won the Eurodanceweb Award in 2010, the first time Romania had won the award.[50] That year, Inna also received a career award at the Zece Pentru România Awards.[51] She released her second studio album, I Am the Club Rocker, in September 2011,[52][53] which also included the single "Club Rocker" that received a remix with American rapper Flo Rida.[54] Featuring europop, dance-pop, techno and house music,[55][56] the record was honored as one of the year's best albums by her label Roton[57] and was certified Gold in Poland.[58] The album was promoted by the I Am the Club Rocker Tour (2011–12) of Europe and the United States.[59][60] During Mexican dates, Inna did several interviews and radio appearances.[61] She had her first major Romanian concert at the Arenele Romane (Roman Arena) in Bucharest, where she arrived by helicopter "like a diva".[62]
Titled "Club Rocker" (2011), the second single from I Am the Club Rocker was moderately successful.[63] It was the subject of a lawsuit when Spanish singer Robert Ramirez sued Play Win for copying the refrain of his song, "A Minute of Life";[64] Play Win won the court case in 2018.[65] Three subsequent singles, "Un Momento" (2011), "Endless" (2011) and "Wow" (2012), were released from the album.[66][67][68] "Endless" peaked at number five on the Romanian Top 100,[69] while "Wow" reached the top ten.[70] According to Libertatea, Inna became the highest-paid Romanian and Eastern European artist in 2011.[71]
2012–2016: Party Never Ends and Inna
Inna during the Barbarella 2013 festival
Televiziunea Română (TVR) approached Inna in early 2012 to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012, but she turned the offer down due to scheduling conflicts.[72] In the same year, she released the single "Caliente",[73] which she dedicated to her Mexican fans,[74] and "Tu și eu", which received heavy airplay in Romania and peaked at number five there.[75] This was followed by another top ten hit, "Inndia" (2012).[76] On New Year's Eve, Inna presented a concert at Meydan Racecourse in Dubai.[77]
She released her third studio album, Party Never Ends, in March 2013,[78] featuring the commercially successful singles "More than Friends" (2013) with Daddy Yankee and "In Your Eyes" (2013) with Yandel.[79][80] "More than Friends" was controversial, since its writers were accused of plagiarizing Pitbull, Akon and David Rush's "Everybody Fucks" (2012).[81] Party Never Ends peaked at number ten in Mexico,[82] and was nominated for Best Album at the 2013 and 2014 Romanian Music Awards.[83][84] In March 2013, Inna was the guest singer on "P.O.H.U.I." by the Moldovan music project Carla's Dreams,[85] which reached number three in Romania[86] and was honored as the year's best song at the Romanian Top Hits Awards.[87] In late 2013, Inna contributed to Pitbull's "All the Things" on his EP, Meltdown.[88][89]
"Cola Song", a collaboration with J Balvin released under Atlantic Records in April 2014,[90] was successful in Europe, and was certified Platinum by Productores de Música de España (PROMUSICAE).[91] It promoted the FIFA World Cup 2014,[92] and was used in the dance video game Just Dance 2017.[93] In 2014, Inna collaborated a second time with Pitbull on "Good Time",[94] and was featured on Romanian rapper Puya's "Strigă!",[95] which peaked at number two in Romania.[96] She released her fourth, eponymous studio album in October 2015.[97] Another version of the album, Body and the Sun, was released in Japan in July 2015.[98] One of the singles released from the record was "Diggy Down" (2014), her third number-one hit in Romania.[99] Based on airplay, it won the Best Dance award at the Media Music Awards.[100] Inna's next single, "Bop Bop" (2015), peaked at number two in Romania,[101] and "Rendez Vous" (2016) was certified Gold in Poland.[102] Also in 2015, Inna was the Best Romanian Act and was nominated for Best European Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards.[103] Alexandra Stan's "We Wanna", with Inna and Daddy Yankee,[104] was a moderate hit.[105] Inna also contributed uncredited vocals to Carla's Dreams "Te rog",[106][107] which went on to reach number one in Romania.[108]
2016–2021: Nirvana, Yo and Heartbreaker
Inna in 2021, shooting the video for "Papa"
In August 2016, Inna was the opening act at the Untold Festival.[109] She also became a member of the supergroup G Girls, with whom she released two singles ("Call the Police" and "Milk and Honey").[110][111][112] In early 2017, Inna was announced as a coach on Vocea României Junior with Andra and Marius Moga,[113] and in the May of the same year her YouTube channel surpassed two billion total views.[114] The singer's fifth studio album, Nirvana, was released in December 2017.[115] Singles featured on the record included "Gimme Gimme" (2017), "Ruleta" (2017) and "Nirvana" (2017), which attained commercial success in several European countries including Romania and Turkey.[116][117][118] "Ruleta" and "Nirvana" peaked at numbers three and two in her native country, respectively.[119][120] Another pair of top ten singles in Romania, "Nota de plată" and "Pentru că", followed in late 2017 and 2018 with Moldovan group the Motans.[121][122]
Inna released her sixth studio album, Yo, in May 2019.[123] Containing songs written solely in Spanish, Inna took entire creative control over the record and worked extensively with Romanian producer David Ciente. She described Yo's material as experimental and gypsy-influenced, a departure from her previous work.[124][125][126] "Ra" was released as the record's lead single in September 2018.[127] It was promoted by several public appearances in Mexico and the United States—including the 2018 Telehit Awards and 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards—as well as by Inna's inclusion in magazines such as Rolling Stone and Vogue México y Latinoamérica. The singer also signed a record deal with Jay-Z's record label Roc Nation.[126] "Iguana", her follow-up single, went on to reach number four in Romania.[128] In August, Inna launched her digital magazine titled InnaMag.[129]
The non-album release "Bebe" with Ugandan artist Vinka peaked at number one on the native Airplay 100 in March 2020,[130] and was the first in a string of singles that sonically returned to a more EDM sound but also encompassed deep house influences.[131][132][133][134] As of 2020, Inna has been a juror for Pro TV's The Masked Singer Romania show.[135][136] The singer released her seventh studio album, Heartbreaker, on 27 November 2020,[137] which she created during a three-week period with Romanian songwriters and producers such as Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, Ciente and Alexandru Cotoi at a mansion from which she uploaded daily YouTube vlogs to document the progress made; the vlogs constituted the first season of Inna's Dance Queen's House series.[138][139] In January 2021, Inna's single "Read My Lips" (2020) featuring Colombian singer Farina reached number ten in Romania,[140] and by May, Heartbreaker's lead single "Flashbacks" had peaked at number one in Russia and within the top ten in Romania, Ukraine, Bulgaria and the Commonwealth of Independent States.[141][142][143][144][145] "Cool Me Down" with Gromee, and "It Don't Matter" with Alok and Sofi Tukker also became hits in selected territories.[145][146][147] Inna participated as Alok's special guest at the Untold Festival in September 2021, held at Cluj Arena.[148][149]
2021–present: Champagne Problems
In October 2021, Inna released the non-album single "Up",[150] whose chart success in countries such as Bulgaria, Poland and Russia peaked in early 2022.[151][152][153] The track, eventually receiving a remix with Jamaican rapper Sean Paul,[154] also became Inna's fifth number-one in Romania, topping Uniunea Producătorilor de Fonograme din România's (UPFR) airplay ranking.[155] Champagne Problems, the singer's eighth studio album, was issued in two parts in January and March 2022,[156][157] as the result of the second season of Dance Queen's House.[158] In June 2022, Inna's single "Tare" with the Motans reached the summit of the Romanian airplay chart.[159]
Philanthropy and awards
See also: List of awards and nominations received by InnaIn late November 2011, Inna joined the anti-domestic violence campaign Durerea nu este iubire (Pain is Not Love) empowering women to stand up to abuse, and signed a petition asking the Romanian government to strengthen a domestic violence law.[160] An activist for children's rights in Romania, she endorsed the 2012 UNICEF No More Invisible Children campaign.[161] Inna began the Bring the Sun Into My Life campaign to increase public awareness of violence against women.[162] She also recorded "Tu tens la força" ("You Have the Power"), a Catalan language cover version of Gala's "Freed from Desire" (1996), for the 2015 Marató de TV3 telethon.[163] Inna participated in Cartoon Network Romania's anti-bullying CN Clubul Prieteniei (CN Friendship Club) in 2016,[164] and recorded a new opening theme for the Romanian-language version of The Powerpuff Girls.[165]
That year, she and other Romanian celebrities signed an open letter supporting the LGBT community in response to a Romanian Orthodox Church-backed action to amend the constitutional definition of a family.[166] This had been criticized by Romanian and international human-rights groups as curtailing LGBT rights.[167][168] In March 2022, Inna performed at the We Are One benefit concert in Bucharest, whose aim was to raise funds for Ukraine upon its 2022 invasion by Russia.[169]
Inna was called "one of Romania's biggest exports" by The Guardian, based on her sales and popularity.[11] She has also received a number of awards and nominations, including five Balkan Music Awards,[170][171] a European Border Breakers Award,[172] three MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Romanian Act[42][103] and thirteen Romanian Music Awards.[173][174][175][176] By March 2016, Inna had sold four million copies of her first three studio albums.[177] In 2015, Antena 3 reported that Inna was Romania's best-selling artist abroad.[178]
Personal life
Inna dated her manager Lucian Ștefan for ten years until 2013.[179][180] In the same year, she began a relationship with the American photographer John Perez, with whom she collaborated on several occasions.[181][182] As of 2020, Inna is dating Romanian rapper Deliric.[183] As of March 2017, Inna resided with her mother and grandmother in a villa she bought in Bucharest.[184] She also lives in Barcelona.[185] In May 2018, the singer was hospitalized after collapsing on an unstable stage during her tour in Turkey; the tour was not affected by the event.[186] Inna is multilingual, speaking Romanian, English, Spanish, "a little bit of French" and "a few words in Italian, Arabic, and Russian"; she added that it "help[s] connect easily to different countries and people. It's amazing how music brings us together."[187]
Discography
Main article: Inna discographyStudio albums
- Hot (2009)
- I Am the Club Rocker (2011)
- Party Never Ends (2013)
- Inna (2015)
- Nirvana (2017)
- Yo (2019)
- Heartbreaker (2020)
- Champagne Problems (2022)
Notes
.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} ^ Romanian pronunciation: [eˈlena aleˈksandra apostoˈle̯anu].References
^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotesmw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Party Never Ends (Liner notes). 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Retrieved 20 March 2017. ^ Ciută, Larisa (10 October 2011). "De nerecunoscut! Prima melodie cântată live de Inna la Teo!". Click! (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017. ^ a b Scris de Delia (11 November 2008). "Exclusiv – Interviu Inna!" (in Romanian). Divercity Cafe. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2009. ^ Scris de Edi (14 May 2012). "Cum a fost prima aparitie a Innei la TV?" [How was Inna's first appearance on TV?] (in Romanian). Urban.ro. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2017. ^ "Inna – Interview for News of the World". News of the World. Downvids. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017. ^ "Inna Interview in Japan! インナにインタビュー！ 「私のキャリアは全てファンのおかげ」と日本のファンに感謝♡". YouTube. 20 August 2015. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017. ^ "Videoclip Hot (Radio Edit by Play Win)" (in Romanian). Videoclip 21. 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Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2016. ^ "Artists – Inna – Chart history". Billboard. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016. ^ Popescu, Victor (19 October 2009). "Dan Bălan, cel mai bun new entry" [Dan Bălan, best new entry] (in Romanian). Cotidianul. Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2022. ^ "Mi-au furat piesa şi i-au dat-o Innei!" [They've stolen my track and gave it to Inna!] (in Romanian). Cancan. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009. ^ "Hot by Inna on iTunes". iTunes Store. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2016. ^ "Inna lanseaza un nou hit: 10 Minutes" [Inna releases a new hit: 10 Minutes]. Click! (in Romanian). 24 January 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Inna a primit Discul de aur pentru albumul "Hot"" ["Hot" has been certified Gold in Romania] (in Romanian). Cancan. 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015. ^ "French album certifications – Inna – Hot" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. 12 October 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015. ^ "Inna si-a facut bilantul reusitelor de la lansarea pe plan international! A produs 8.000.000 euro in doi ani" [Inna earned 8.000.000 euro throughout her two years of career] (in Romanian). Cancan. 20 December 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015. ^ a b "Cine sunt artistii care au castigat la categoria 'Best Romanian Act' de-a lungul anilor" [Who are the artists that have won the 'Best Romanian Act' award] (in Romanian). MTV. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Inna nu a castigat premiul Best European Act, la MTV EMA" [Inna has not won the Best European Act award, at MTV EMA] (in Romanian). Cancan. 7 November 2010. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Inna: "Sun Is Up" annonce un nouvel album en 2011" [Inna: "Sun Is Up" to preced a new album in 2011] (in French). Musique Radio. 6 January 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017. ^ "Single nou Inna, Sun is Up" [Inna's new single, Sun is Up] (in Romanian). Pro FM. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Romanian Top 100 – Editia 46 (29.11.2010)". Romanian Top 100. WebCite. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2016. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community" (in German). Swiss Charts. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "FIMI certificazioni archivio" (in Italian). FIMI. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2016. Note: Insert 'Inna' into Filtra ^ "Certified Awards Search". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2015. Note: Insert 'Inna' into the 'Search' box, then select 'Go ^ "Inna a castigat Eurodanceweb Award" [Inna won the Eurodanceweb Award] (in Romanian). Observator. 3 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Inna – atitudine aroganta la gala "Zece Pentru România"" [Inna – arrogant attitude at the "Zece Pentru România Awards"] (in Romanian). Bzi. 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "I Am the Club Rocker di Inna su iTunes". iTunes Store. 19 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2016. ^ Scris de Edi (7 September 2011). "Inna – Wow (piesa de pe I Am the Club Rocker)" [Inna – Wow (the song from I Am the Club Rocker)] (in Romanian). Urban.ro. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2016. ^ "Club Rocker (feat. Flo Rida) – Single by Inna on iTunes". iTunes Store. Retrieved 14 May 2020. ^ "I Am the Club Rocker – Inna | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic". AllMusic. All Media Network. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016. ^ Butterweck, Kai (6 January 2012). ""I Am the Club Rocker" von Inna – laut.de – Album". Laut (in German). Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2016. ^ Scris de Edi (13 December 2011). "Castiga albumele anului de la Roton" [Win Roton's albums of the year] (in Romanian). Urban.ro. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2016. ^ "Polish Album Certifications — Inna — Awards 2011" (in Polish). Polish Producers of Audio and Video (ZPAV). Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2015. ^ "Inna, Hot in UK!". Antena 1. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2016. ^ I Am the Club Rocker (liner notes/ CD booklet). Inna. Roton. 19 September 2011.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) ^ "Inna a isterizat Mexicul" [Inna sets craziness in Mexico]. Libertatea (in Romanian). 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2016. ^ Coman, Alina (18 May 2011). "Inna a uimit publicul prezent la Arenele Romane" [Inna has impressed the audience present at the Arenele Romane] (in Romanian). InfoMusic. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017. ^ "Inna – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 22 October 2016. ^ "Inna, acuzata de plagiat de un artist spaniol" [Inna, accused of plagiarism by a Spanish singer] (in Romanian). Observator. 27 March 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017. ^ "Inna a câștigat procesul pentru plagiat. Cântăreața a primit o sumă uriașă de bani" [Inna has won the plagiarism case. The singer received a huge sum of money] (in Romanian). Antena 3. 6 May 2018. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018. ^ "Un Momento (feat. Juan Magan) – Single de Inna sur iTunes". iTunes Store. 1 January 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016. ^ Hamard, Jonathan (15 November 2017). "La chanteuse Inna a choisi "Endless" : écoutez" [The singer Inna chose "Endless": listen] (in French). Pure Charts. Retrieved 6 October 2017. ^ "Wow – Single by Inna on iTunes". iTunes Store. 26 April 2016. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016. ^ "Kiss FM | Romanian Top 100". Romanian Top 100 (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 12 February 2012. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "Airplay 100 – 10 iunie 2012". Media Forest (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "La multi ani, Inna! Artista implineste astazi 31 de ani!" [Happy birthday, Inna! The singer turns 31 today!]. Libertatea (in Romanian). 16 October 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017. ^ "Ce a răspuns Inna când a fost întrebată dacă participă la Eurovision 2012" [What was Inna's answer when asked if she would take part at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012]. Gândul. 12 January 2012. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014. ^ "Inna lanseaza o piesa pentru fanii din Mexic!" [Inna releases a single for Mexico!] (in Romanian). MTV Romania. 20 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Interview: Inna". Hit Channel. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017. ^ "Airplay 100 – 23 septembrie 2012". Media Forest (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 23 September 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "KissFM | Airplay 100". Media Forest. Kiss FM. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2016. Note: Click on the song to see its position in the anterior week. ^ "Atelier festival NYE with Snoop Dogg, Faithless, Gorillaz, Armand Van Helden and Inna". Dubai Platinum List. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017. ^ "Party Never Ends (Standard Edition) by Inna on iTunes". iTunes Store. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2016. ^ "Inna, mai sexy ca nicioadată în noul clip, "More Than Friends"" [Inna, very sexy in the new video, "More Than Friends"]. Libertatea (in Romanian). 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ MusicNews (17 October 2013). "Inna lanseaza "In Your Eyes"" [Inna releases "In Your Eyes"] (in Romanian). Muziq. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Ina este acuzata de plagiat!" [Inna is accused of plagiarism]. Utv. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017. ^ "Party Never Ends de Inna puesto 10 del Top 100 MX del 10 al 16 de marzo". AMPROFON. Twitter. 4 April 2014. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015. ^ Scris de Edi (7 August 2013). "Romanian Music Awards 2013: nominalizari" [Romanian Music Awards 2013: nominations] (in Romanian). Urban.ro. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ Tanasă, Raluca (27 August 2014). "Romanian Music Awards 2014: nominalizări, detalii despre vot" [Romanian Music Awards 2014: nominations, details about the voting] (in Romanian). Info Music. Archived from the original on 7 June 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "P.O.H.U.I cu Inna si Carla's Dreams — Ce inseamna cuvintele misterioase din versuri?" [P.O.H.U.I with Inna and Carla's Dreams — What do the mysterious words from the lyrics mean?]. Adevărul (in Romanian). 3 April 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Airplay 100 – 9 iunie 2013". Media Forest (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 9 June 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "Carla's Dreams şi Inna au luat premiul mare la Romanian Top Hit Music Awards" [Carla's Dreams and Inna got the big award at the Romanian Top Hit Music Awards] (in Romanian). Publika. 4 August 2013. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Inna si Pitbull lanseaza "All the things"" [Inna and Pitbull release "All the things"] (in Romanian). Știrile Pro TV. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015. ^ "Clip de "Good Time" : Inna caméléon caliente face à Pitbull" [Music video of "Good Time" : Inna, sexy camelion, in collaboration with Pitbull] (in French). Pure Charts. 1 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2016. ^ Wass, Mike (3 April 2014). "Inna Signs To Atlantic Records, Lines Up "Cola Song" As Her US Major Label Debut Single". Idolator. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2016. ^ "Top 100 Streaming – Semana 01: Del 29.12.2014 al 04.01.2015" (in Spanish). PROMUSICAE. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014. ^ "Ole Ole Ole! by Various Artists on iTunes". iTunes Store. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016. ^ "Ubisoft Reveals Full Just Dance 2017 Tracklist". Gamasutra. 17 October 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016. ^ "Inna si Pitbul au lansat videoclipul piesei "Good Time"" [Inna and Pitbull released the video for "Good Time".] (in Romanian). Apropo TV. 29 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ "Puya şi inna lansează videoclipul piesei "Strigă!"" [Inna and Puya release the music video for "Strigă!"] (in Romanian). Liber Tatea. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ "KissFM | Airplay 100". Media Forest. Kiss FM. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "Inna by Inna on iTunes". iTunes Store. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016. ^ "Nou! Inna – Body And The Sun" [New! Inna – Body And The Sun] (in Romanian). Zu TV. 24 July 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015. ^ "Airplay 100 – 1 martie 2015". Media Forest (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 1 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ Scris de Alex (3 September 2015). "Media Music Awards 2015: lista castigatori" [Media Music Awards 2015: winners list] (in Romanian). Urban.ro. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Airplay 100 – 11 octombrie 2015". Media Forest (in Romanian). Kiss FM. 11 October 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016. ^ "Polish single certifications – Inna – Rendez Vous" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017. ^ a b "MTV EMA 2015 – Inna" (in Romanian). MTV. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2016. ^ "Alexandra Stan și Inna fac echipă cu Daddy Yankee pentru single-ul și videoclipul "We Wanna"" [Alexandra Stan, Inna and Daddy Yankee collaborate for the single and its video "We Wanna"] (in Romanian). DC News. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015. ^ For countries "We Wanna" charted in:- For Poland: "Airplay Chart Archiwum". Polish Airplay Top 100. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- For Turkey: "Top40 – Number1 FM /TV". Number One. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- For Italy: "FIMI: Classifica settimanale WK 35 (dal 2015-08-28 al 2015-09-03)". Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
- For Romania: "Romania's Airplay 100 (KissFM Podcast) – 19 July 2015" (in Romanian). Kiss FM. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- For Slovakia: "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Archived from the original on 10 January 2007. Note: insert 201525 into search.
External links
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innas
· 〈 · ‹ · ˂ · く · 〱 · ◌𖿱 Символы со сходным начертанием: > · 〉 · › · ˃ · ح Скобкиmw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок{margin:0;overflow:hidden;border-collapse:collapse;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-title{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;min-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок .mw-collapsible-content{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок .mw-collapsible-toggle{padding-top:.1em;width:5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:calc(90%/0.95)}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray{padding:2px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent{border:none}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray .ts-Скрытый_блок-title{background:#eaecf0;padding:.1em 6em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent .ts-Скрытый_блок-title{background:transparent;padding:.1em 5.5em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray .mw-collapsible-content{padding:.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent .mw-collapsible-content{padding:.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .mw-collapsible-toggle{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-rightTitle{padding-right:6.5em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-leftTitle{padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-leftTitle{padding-left:6.5em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-rightTitle{padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-rightTitle,.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-rightHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-leftTitle{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-rightTitle,.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent.ts-Скрытый_блок-leftHideLink .ts-Скрытый_блок-title-leftTitle{padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-gray:not(.mw-made-collapsible) .ts-Скрытый_блок-title.ts-Скрытый_блок-title{padding-right:1em;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-transparent:not(.mw-made-collapsible) .ts-Скрытый_блок-title.ts-Скрытый_блок-title{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок .ts-Скрытый_блок,.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок link .ts-Скрытый_блок{border-top-style:hidden}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок .mw-customtoggle{font-weight:normal;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-show,.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок-hide{display:none;color:#0645ad}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок.mw-collapsed .ts-Скрытый_блок-show{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок:not(.mw-collapsed) .ts-Скрытый_блок-hide{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ts-Скрытый_блок:not(.mw-made-collapsible) .ts-Скрытый_блок-customtoggle{display:none}Изображение
;
'
()Характеристики
.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}Название
(: left parenthesis
): right parenthesis
Юникод
(: U 0028
): U 0029
HTML-код
(: #40; или #x28;
): #41; или #x29;
UTF-16
(: 0x28
): 0x29
URL-код
(: (
): )
Ско́бки — парные знаки, используемые в различных областях.
Различают:
- круглые ( ) скобки;
- квадратные [ ] скобки;
- фигурные { } скобки;
- угловые ⟨ ⟩ скобки (или в ASCII-текстах).
Обычно первая в паре скобка называется открывающей, а вторая — закрывающей. Почти всегда (за исключением некоторых математических обозначений) открывающая и закрывающая скобки соответствуют друг другу (квадратная — квадратной и т. д.).
В качестве скобок используются также знаки, в которых открывающий и закрывающий знак не различаются, например:
- косые / / скобки;
- прямые | | скобки;
- двойные прямые ‖ ‖ скобки.
Используются в математике, физике, химии и других науках для установки приоритета выполнения операции в формулах.
Различные скобки (как и другие, непарные символы ASCII) применяются в смайликах (эмотиконах), например, :) или :-).
Круглые (операторные) скобки
( )Используются в математике для задания приоритета математических и логических операций. Например, (2 3) · 4 означает, что надо сначала сложить 2 и 3, а затем сумму умножить на 4; аналогично выражение означает, что сначала выполняется логическое сложение а затем — логическое умножение Наряду с квадратными скобками используются также для записи компонент векторов:
и матриц:
для записи биномиальных коэффициентов:
Круглые скобки в математике используются также для выделения аргументов функции: для обозначения открытого сегмента и в некоторых других контекстах. Иногда круглыми скобками обозначается скалярное произведение векторов:
(здесь приведены три различных варианта написания, встречающиеся в литературе) и смешанное (тройное скалярное) произведение:
Круглые скобки в математике используются также для указания бесконечно повторяющегося периода позиционного представления рационального числа, например
При обозначении числовых интервалов круглые скобки обозначают, что числа, которые находятся по краям множества, не включаются в это множество, — интервал является открытым с одной (полусегмент) или обеих сторон. Например,
- открытый слева интервал (1,3] включает в себя все числа .mw-parser-output .ts-math{white-space:nowrap;font-family:times,serif,palatino linotype,new athena unicode,athena,gentium,code2000;font-size:120%}х такие, что х такие, что х такие, что .
- Векторное произведение векторов: .
- Закрытые сегменты; запись означает, что в множество включены числа . В этом случае не соблюдается правило парности скобок, например, закрытый слева и открытый справа сегмент может быть обозначен как или .
- Коммутатор и антикоммутатор хотя для последнего иногда используют фигурные скобки без нижнего индекса.
- Квадратными (реже фигурными) скобками обозначается оператор специального вида, называемый скобками Пуассона:
- Квадратные скобки могут использоваться как альтернатива круглым скобкам при записи матриц и векторов.
- Одинарная квадратная скобка объединяет совокупность уравнений или неравенств (чтобы совокупность выполнялась, достаточно, чтобы выполнялось любое из условий, то есть это вертикальная форма оператора «или»); например,
обозначает, что. - Нотация Айверсона.
В математике помимо обычных квадратных скобок используются также их модификации «пол» и «потолок» для обозначения ближайшего целого, не превосходящего , и ближайшего целого, не меньшего , соответственно.
В химии квадратными скобками обозначают комплексные анионы и катионы, например: Na2[Fe(NO)(CN)5], [Ag(NH3)2] . Кроме того, по номенклатуре IUPAC в квадратные скобки заключается количество атомов в мостиках между двумя атомами в названии органических полициклических соединений, например: бицикло[2,2,2]октан.
В вики-разметке двойные квадратные скобки используются для внутренних ссылок, перенаправлений, категорий и интервики, одинарные — для внешних.
В программировании чаще всего применяются для указания индекса элемента массива, в языке Perl также формируют ссылку на безымянный массив; в Бейсике и некоторых других достаточно старых языках не используются.
В стандарте POSIX определена утилита test, синонимом которой является символ квадратной скобки «[».
Часто квадратные скобки используются для обозначения необязательности, например, параметров командной строки (см. подробнее в статье Форма Бэкуса — Наура).
Фигурные скобки
{ }Фигурными скобками в одних математических текстах обозначается операция взятия дробной части, в других — они применяются для обозначения приоритета операций, как третий уровень вложенности (после круглых и квадратных скобок). Фигурные скобки применяют для обозначения множеств. Одинарная фигурная скобка объединяет системы уравнений или неравенств, служит для обозначения кусочно-заданной функции. Как уже было сказано выше, иногда фигурными скобками обозначают антикоммутатор и скобки Пуассона.
В вики-разметке и в некоторых языках разметки веб-шаблонов (Django, Jinja) двойные фигурные скобки {{…}} применяются для шаблонов и встроенных функций и переменных, одинарные в определённых случаях формируют таблицы.
В программировании фигурные скобки являются или операторными (Си, C , Java, Perl и PHP), или комментарием (Паскаль), могут также служить для образования списка (в Mathematica), анонимного хеш-массива (в Perl, в иных позициях для доступа к элементу хеша), словаря (в Python) или множества (Сетл).
Угловые скобки
⟨…⟩В математике угловыми скобками обозначают скалярное произведение в предгильбертовом пространстве, например:
В квантовой механике угловые скобки используются в качестве так называемых бра и кет (от англ. bracket — скобка), введённых П. А. М. Дираком для обозначения квантовых состояний (векторов) и матричных элементов. При этом квантовые состояния обозначаются как (кет-вектор) и (бра-вектор), их скалярное произведение как матричный элемент оператора А в определённом базисе как
Кроме того, в физике угловыми скобками обозначают усреднение (по времени или другому непрерывному аргументу), например, — среднее значение по времени от величины f.
В текстологии и издании литературных памятников угловыми скобками обозначают лакуны в тексте — .
В лингвистике угловыми скобками обозначают графемы, например, «фонема /a/ передаётся буквой ⟨а⟩»[3].
Типографика
В ASCII-текстах (в том числе HTML/XML и программировании) для записи угловых скобок используют схожие по написанию парные знаки арифметических отношений неравенства и >.
В типографике же угловые скобки являются самостоятельными символами. От и > их можно отличить по бо́льшему углу между сторонами — и .
В ΤΕΧ для записи угловых скобок используются команды «\langle» и «\rangle».
В стандартной пунктуации китайского, японского и корейского языков используется несколько дополнительных видов скобок, включая шевроны (англ. chevron), схожие по написанию с угловыми скобками — для горизонтальной 〈 и 〉 или 《 и 》 (в японском языке разрешено использование как знака кавычки 「」) и традиционной вертикальной печати — ︿ и ﹀ или ︽ и ︾. В современной японской печати широко используются скобки европейского образца (), как и арабские цифры. В одном из проектов реформации японского языка даже было предложено ввести европейские скобки вместо традиционных, однако проект был отклонён.
ASCII-тексты
В некоторых языках разметки, например HTML, XML, угловыми скобками выделяют теги.
В вики-разметке также можно использовать HTML-разметку, например комментарии: , которые видны только при редактировании статьи.
В программировании угловые скобки используются редко, чтобы не создавать путаницы между ними и знаками отношений («» и «>»). Например в Си угловые скобки используются в директиве препроцессора #include вместо кавычек, чтобы показать, что включаемый заголовочный файл необходимо искать в одном из стандартных каталогов для заголовочных файлов, например в следующем примере:
#include #include "myheader.h"
файл stdio.h находится в стандартном каталоге, а myheader.h — в текущем каталоге (каталоге хранения исходного текста программы).
Кроме того, угловые скобки применяются в языках программирования C , Java и C# при использовании средств обобщённого программирования: шаблонов и дженериков.
В некоторых текстах, сдвоенные парные «» и «>» используются для записи кавычек-ёлочек, например — >.
Косые скобки
/…/Появились на пишущих машинках для экономии клавиш.
В программировании на языке Си и многих языках с аналогичным синтаксисом косые скобки вместе с дополнительным знаком «*» обозначают начало и конец комментария:
/* Комментарий в исходном коде на языке Си */
В языке jаvascript косые скобки обозначают регулярное выражение:
var regular = /[a-z] /;
Иногда в косых скобках пишут фамилию, расшифровывающую подпись. Например: подпись …. /Иванов И. И./
Прямые скобки
|…|Используются в математике для обозначения модуля числа или вектора, определителя матрицы:
Двойные прямые скобки
‖…‖Используются в математике для обозначения нормы элемента линейного пространства: ‖x‖; иногда — для матриц:
История
Круглые скобки появились в 1556 году у Тартальи (для подкоренного выражения) и позднее у Жирара. Одновременно Бомбелли использовал в качестве начальной скобки уголок в виде буквы L, а в качестве конечной — его же в перевёрнутом виде (1560); такая запись стала прародителем квадратных скобок. Фигурные скобки предложил Виет (1593). Всё же большинство математиков тогда предпочитали вместо скобок надчёркивать выделяемое выражение. В общее употребление скобки ввёл Лейбниц.
Поддержка в компьютерах
Коды Юникода и т. п. закреплены не за левыми и правыми скобками, а за открывающими и закрывающими, поэтому при отображении текста со скобками в режиме «справа налево» каждая скобка меняет своё визуальное направление на противоположное. Так, сочетание #40; закреплено за открывающей круглой скобкой, которая выглядит как левая ( в тексте, идущем слева направо, но как правая ) в тексте, идущем справа налево. Однако клавиши на клавиатуре закреплены за левыми и правыми скобками, например клавиша ( закреплена за левой круглой скобкой, которая при наборе текста слева направо является открывающей и получает код 40, а справа налево (в раскладках, предназначенных для языков с написанием слов справа налево, например для арабского или иврита) — является закрывающей и получает код 41.
Направление письма: Текст на русском языке (слева направо). Текст на иврите (справа налево). Пример текста: Это текст на русском языке (слева направо). זה מלל בעברית (מימין לשמאל). Открывающая скобка: Левая скобка набрана клавишей ( и имеет код 40. Правая скобка набрана клавишей ) и имеет код 40. Закрывающая скобка: Правая скобка набрана клавишей ) и имеет код 41. Левая скобка набрана клавишей ( и имеет код 41.Коды Юникода
Символы Коды (, ) 28, 29 [, ] 5B, 5D {, } 7B, 7D ⟨, ⟩ 27E8, 27E9 3C, 3E Символы Коды ﹝, ﹞ FE5D, FE5E ⁅, ⁆ 2045, 2046 ❨, ❩ 2768, 2769 ❪, ❫ 276A, 276B ❬, ❭ 276C, 276D Символы Коды ❮, ❯ 276E, 276F ❰, ❱ 2770, 2771 ❴, ❵ 2774, 2775 ⦗, ⦘ 2997, 2998 ❲, ❳ 2772, 2773См. также
- Акколада (музыка)
- История математических обозначений
Примечания
↑ Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty. CODATA reference. NIST. Дата обращения: 16 августа 2018. ↑ Lemmermeyer F. Reciprocity Laws: from Euler to Eisenstein (англ.). — Berlin: Springer, 2000. — P. 10, 23. — ISBN 3-540-66957-4. ↑ Bauer, Laurie. Notational conventions. Brackets // The Linguistics Student’s Handbook. — Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, 2007. — P. 99. .mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект{background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:right;float:right;font-size:90%;margin:0 0 1em 1em;padding:.4em;max-width:19em;width:19em;line-height:1.5}.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект th,.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект td{padding:.2em 0;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект th td{padding-left:.4em}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .ts-Родственный_проект{width:auto;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}Литература
- Александрова Н. В. История математических терминов, понятий, обозначений : Словарь-справочник, изд. 3-е. — СПб.: ЛКИ, 2008. — 248 с. — ISBN 978-5-382-00839-4.
- Математика XVII столетия Архивная копия от 18 сентября 2011 на Wayback Machine // «История математики» под редакцией А. П. Юшкевича в трёх томах. — М. : Наука, 1970. — Т. 2.
- Кэджори Ф. История элементарной математики / Пер. И. Ю. Тимченко. — 2-е изд., испр. — Одесса: Mathesis, 1917.
Ссылки
- ( на сайте Scriptsource.org (англ.)
- ) на сайте Scriptsource.org (англ.)
- Точка (.)
- Запятая (,)
- Точка с запятой (;)
- Двоеточие (:)
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, 
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Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Скобкиoldid=124357603
